Academic Vocabulary Instruction in K-3

Building vocabulary gives children the language they need to think, learn, and succeed.

Why academic vocabulary matters

Academic vocabulary includes the words children need to understand instructions, learn from books, and succeed in school—especially in subjects like science, math, and social studies. Unlike everyday words, academic vocabulary often needs to be taught directly. When children understand these words, they are better able to follow lessons, express their ideas, and become strong readers.

What the research tells us

A recent review of 23 studies with over 6,000 students in kindergarten through grade 3 shows:

  • Direct vocabulary teaching works. Children learn and remember words better when adults teach them clearly and purposefully.

  • Word learning is stronger with support. Using visuals, kid-friendly definitions, and opportunities to talk about new words helps children understand and use them.

  • One-time lessons aren’t enough. To truly boost reading and comprehension, vocabulary instruction needs to be part of longer, more connected learning experiences across different subjects.

Who benefits most

Some children, including those who are learning English, start school with fewer academic vocabulary words. That’s why extra support at home and in school is so important—they benefit the most from clear and consistent word learning.

What you can do at home

  • Talk about new words. Pick a few key words from books or everyday experiences and explain what they mean in simple terms.
  • Use visuals. Show pictures or act out what the word means. This helps words “stick.”
  • Connect words to your child’s life. Make new words meaningful by linking them to things your child sees or does.
  • Ask questions. Encourage your child to use new words in conversations. Ask, “Can you tell me what that word means?” or “When would we use that word?”

Example

Instead of just saying “habitat,” say, “A habitat is where an animal lives, like how a fish lives in water. Look at this picture—it shows a bear’s habitat!”

Final thought

Building vocabulary isn’t about using fancy words—it’s about giving children the language they need to think, learn, and succeed. Every conversation, story, or question you share with your child is a chance to grow their word power—and their confidence.

The information provided in this summary is based on findings from The Effects of Academic Vocabulary Knowledge Interventions: A Systematic Review.

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