Why vocabulary matters in reading
As children move into upper elementary and middle school, their reading involves more challenging words and ideas. Vocabulary helps them understand what they read, express themselves, and succeed across subjects.
When students know more words, they read more. When they read more, their knowledge and confidence grow.
What affects vocabulary growth?
- Exposure: Reading and hearing a variety of words
- Meaningful use: Using new words in conversation or writing
- Interest: Connecting words to topics that matter to them
- Confidence: Believing they can learn and use new words
What works? Best practices from research
The best vocabulary learning happens when students are taught new words and encouraged to use them actively.
Examples of successful programs:
- Word generation: Encourages students to discuss big ideas using new academic words.
- STARI: Combines reading strategies and vocabulary with discussion and motivation for older struggling readers.
How you can help at home
Encourage your child to:
- Talk about new words they encounter—ask, “What do you think that means?”
- Read a mix of fun and challenging texts.
- Keep a “word journal” of new or interesting words.
- Celebrate effort and curiosity: “I love how you figured that word out!”
Work with teachers to:
- Learn which vocabulary words are being taught.
- Ask how you can reinforce learning at home.
- Share what motivates your child to read and talk about words!
A special note for parents and caregivers of struggling readers
Students benefit from small wins; therefore, focus on a few key words, use visuals, and praise persistence.
The content in this summary is based on our white paper, The Effects of Vocabulary Instruction for Adolescent Learners: A Systematic Review.
