Helping Your Preschooler Develop Print Awareness

Talking, reading, and playing with print every day helps your child build reading skills.

Why it matters

  • Early understanding of books and print helps children learn to read more easily
  • Simple daily interactions with books build lifelong literacy skills
  • Caregivers play a powerful role in early reading development

What the evidence shows

  • Children make strong gains when adults actively teach and talk about print
  • Shared reading at home improves print awareness
  • Short, consistent reading routines are effective
  • Play and everyday activities can reinforce learning

What you can do at home

  • Read with your child daily and talk about the book
    • Show where to start reading
    • Point to words as you read
  • Ask questions:
    • “Where is the title?”
    • “Can you find a letter you know?”
  • Practice letter sounds using everyday items (e.g., “b is for ball”)
  • Use games:
    • Letter matching
    • Writing letters in sand or shaving cream


What to watch for

  • Your child avoids books or loses interest quickly
  • Difficulty recognizing letters or understanding how books work
  • Not connecting letters with sounds

 

Tips for different learners

  • Multilingual Learners
    • Read in your home language—it still builds literacy skills
    • Talk about letters and sounds in both languages
  • Children with Additional Needs
    • Use repetition and hands-on activities
    • Keep learning short and engaging
  • Children at risk for reading difficulties
    • Increase reading time and practice
    • Focus on letter names and sounds regularly


Key takeaway

You don’t need special materials–talking, reading, and playing with print every day builds the skills your child needs to become a reader.

The information provided in this summary is based on findings from Evidence-Based Instructional Practices to Support the Development of Print Awareness and Concepts of Print in Preschool-Aged Children: A Systematic Review.

 

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Evidence Snapshots

Explore our clearinghouse of scientifically-based reading research, where evidence-based insights inform effective literacy practices for Kentucky educators, education and civic leaders, parents and caregivers, and educator preparation providers.

Talking, singing, and playing help build language skills that help young children learn to read.

Simple, everyday interactions (i.e., talking, reading, and playing) build strong literacy skills.

Students build knowledge of the world through content-rich materials and teaching.

Children become stronger readers when they also write regularly—and vice versa.

Parents and caregivers can help students improve their reading fluency.

Text-based discussion is a powerful way to help a student become a stronger thinker and reader.

When students want to read, they read more—and when they read more, their skills grow.

Reading comprehension means your child can understand, remember, and talk about what they read.

Ask questions, talk about ideas, and encourage regular reading to support a student's comprehension.

Building vocabulary gives children the language they need to think, learn, and succeed.

Helping your student build reading, writing, and thinking skills will support their learning.

Strong phonics skills are the foundation for strong reading skills.

Success with reading longer words takes time, practice, and support outside the classroom.

Phonological and phonemic awareness are critical for learning to read and spell.